Mr. Sanders Science Classes

Use the website one of the following websites to complete your element trading cards.

http://www.webelements.com/
http://www.chemicalelements.com/
http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/pertable_fla.htm

Play the element quiz game at the following site.
http://funbasedlearning.com/chemistry/chembalancer/default.htm

http://education.jlab.org/million/index.html

Periodic Table Web Quest

http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm
Part 1
Read though the text and graphics and answer the following questions.
Click on “How to Use the Periodic Table”
1. What is the atomic number?
2. What is the atomic symbol?
3. What is the atomic weight?

Click the “Back” button: Scroll down to “Families and Elements”
4. What are the 8 families of elements?

Click the “Back” button: Scroll down to “Naming New Elements”; read and answer the following questions:
5. What international body of chemists has decided the names of 6 new elements?
6. What element was named by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory?
7. What two elements did Seaborg’s group produce and what are their symbols?
8. What are the elements and their symbols which were named by this group?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1

PART 2: NAVIGATING THE PERIODIC TABLE
Directions: Using the web sites listed below and a copy of the Modern Periodic Table, answer the following questions:
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_families.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/pertable/
http://klbproductions.com/yogi/periodic/
http://pooh.chem.wm.edu/chemWWW/courses/chem105/pertable.html
1. How many periods are there in the Modern Periodic Table?
2. How many groups are there in the Modern Periodic Table?
3. What are the general properties of the elements in the first two groups on the left side of the Modern Periodic Table?
4. What are the general properties of the elements in the group to the right in the Modern Periodic Table?
5. Find the element “oxygen.”
a. What does the “8” on the top of the chemical symbol signify?
b. What does the number 15.999 signify?
6. Find the element “calcium.”
a. What is the chemical symbol for calcium?
b. What is the atomic number for calcium?
c. What is the atomic mass (weight) of calcium?
7. Find the element “copper.”
a. What is the chemical symbol for copper?
b. What is the atomic number for copper?
c. What is the atomic mass (weight) for copper?
8. Find the element “nitrogen.”
a. What is the atomic number for nitrogen?
b. How many electronic orbit its nucleus?
c. How many protons does it have?

Part 3: THEMES AND TRENDS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
Directions: Using the web sites listed below and a copy of the Modern Periodic Table, answer the following questions:

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_families.html
http://klbproductions.com/yogi/periodic/
http://www.chemicalelements.com/index.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/3310/lographics/textbook/u04tofc.html?tqskip=1

1. How many groups (families) are there in the Periodic Table?
2. How many elements are in your Periodic Table?
3. How many periods are there in your Periodic Table?
4. What is the basic them of organization in the Periodic Table?
5. a. Why are the elements 57 though 70, and 89 through 102, found separately at the bottom of the table?
b. As what can the vast majority of elements in the Periodic Table be classified?
6. Look at the bold line shaped like a staircase on the right side of the table. What does it divide?
7. a. What are the metalloids?
b. Provide three examples of metalloids.
c. What is a metalloid?
8. Describe two trends in the Periodic Table as you go from left to right along periods.
a. As you move left to right in a period the reactivity of a metal _______.
b. As you move from top to bottom in a Group the reactivity of a metal __________.
c. As you move left to right in a period the reactivity of a nonmetal __________.
d. As you move from top to bottom in a Group the reactivity of a nonmetal ______________.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 2
9. GROUPS 1 (IA) and 2 (IIA).
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_alkalaimetal.html

a. Elements in Group IA are called the __________ _______________.
b. All the elements in this group form _________ ions with a positive __________ charge when they chemically react. ___________ is the most reactive element in this group. These elements are very reactive with _____________.
c. Elements in Group IIA are called the _____________ ______________ _______________.
d. All the elements in this group form __________ ions with a positive _________ charge. _____________ is the most reactive element in the group.
e. Both Groups IA and IIA have ____________ ionization energies and ____________ electron negativities, which is why these substances are very reactive. These atoms are so reactive that they are not found in nature in the elemental form, therefore in order to separate these elements from other elements from other elements electricity must be used.
f. Discuss some physical and/or chemical properties of magnesium and calcium.
g. Summarize the general properties of elements in these groups?

10. Between groups 2 and 3 TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) Groups ____ through ___________.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_transmetal.html
http://klbproductions.com/yogi/periodic/
a. Transition elements are those elements in which electrons from the out 2 principle energy levels may be involved in a chemical reaction, this is why they may have so many positive __________ numbers. If you look at your Periodic Table the transition metals are found in what is called the d-block, which means they have an incomplete d-sublevel.
b. Most compounds containing transition elements are __________, for example, Copper Nitrate is ____________, Nickel Nitrate is ______, and Iron Nitrate is __________, while Magnesium Nitrate and Calcium Nitrate are _______________.
(Search the Internet.)
c. Which element is responsible for the yellow color of K2CrO4? Potassium Chromate.
d. Which element is responsible for the purple color in KMnO4? Potassium Permanganate.

Summary:
a. Describe the general properties of the transition metals.
b. List three examples of transition metals and their uses.

11. GROUP 14 (1VA) “The ____________ Group”
a. What is the element at the top of the group?
b. Find three important physical and/or chemical properties of carbon.
c. What is an allotrope?

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senses/101/matter/index.shtml
d. Name and describe the properties of three allotropes of carbon
i. ______________=
ii. ______________=
iii. ______________=
http://www.msu.edu/~hungerf9/bucky1.html
e. Describe some of the important properties and uses of Silicon.
f. List three other elements in this group and their uses.

12. GROUP 15(VA) “The __________ Group”
http://webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/P/key.html
a. Find three important physical and/or chemical properties of nitrogen.
b. Find information about the Haber Process.
c. What are three allotropes of phosphorus, how are they different?

13. GROUP 16(V1A)
a. What are the two allotropes of oxygen?
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/key.html
b. Describe what is happening to the Metallic characteristics of these elements as you go down the Group.

14. GROUP 17(V11A) or the ____________ Group, which means ____________ ____________.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_halogen.html
a. What is the common oxidation number for all elements in this group?
b. They all have what kind of electronegativity values?
c. Which elements in this group are diatomic?
d. Describe the states of matter and physical properties of the first four elements in this group.
e. These elements readily combine with hydrogen to form hydrogen ________, and readily with metals in groups _______ and _________ to form _____________ ______________.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3

15. GROUP 18(O) or the ___________ gases or _____________ gases.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_inertgas.html
http://chemicalelements.com/index.html
a. How did this group of elements get their name?
b. Why has their name been changed from the noble gases to the inert gases?
c. Which two elements can the larger elements in this group (Kr, Xe, Rn) react with because of their very large electronegativity values and small size?
d. List two important properties of two of the noble gases.
e. List two important uses of two of the noble gases.

16. The Lanthanoid and Actinoid Series have incomplete sublevels, which is why they are found in the __-block on the Periodic Table. The “rare elements” are found in these sections of the Periodic Table.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_lanthanide.html

Part I.  Answer the following questions by searching the given websites or finding your own websites.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4360000/newsid_4361500/4361562.stm

http://www.fireworks.com/safety/fireworks-history.asp

http://www.howstuffworks.com/fireworks1.htm

http://cc.oulu.fi/~kempmp/colours.html

http://www.engr.wisc.edu/wiscengr/issues/feb01/fireworks.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/15384/chem/
1.    What exactly is a firework?

2.    Where and when were the first fireworks invented?

3.    Who were the first Europeans to master fireworks?

4.    What type of simple chemical reaction occurs in fireworks?

5.    What are the components of black powder?

6.    What three processes cause fireworks to emit light?

7.    What types of elements are responsible for the colors of fireworks?

8.    What is responsible for the whistling sound that often accompanies fireworks?

9.    Create a table that lists the chemical compounds that create the following colors.
(You may use chemical formulas rather than common names of compounds in your table. )

Blue
Turquoise
Yellow
Pink
Brilliant red
Green
Purple
White

Part II:
A. On the Internet, find http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/kaboom/elemental/
B. From the periodic table on the selected Web site, identify one element (if any is present) for each of the categories below. On a separate piece of paper, write the name of the element you selected for each category. Next to the selected name, describe the use of that element in fireworks.
Family    Element Name    Use in fireworks
1.    Alkali metals
2.    Alkaline earth metals
3.    Boron family
4.    Carbon family
5.    Nitrogen family
6.    Oxygen family
7.    Halogen family
8.    Transition metals
9.    Metalloids
E. From the selected Web site, choose elements(at least 3) that you would hypothetically use in making your own firework. Write down which elements you would use, and explain why you chose each one.

F. Check out the section from the selected Web site with the anatomy diagram of a firework.  Label the important parts.

Introduction

You have been hired by a text book publishing company to create instructional materials that will be used to teach sixth graders about the historical models of the atom. You have decided to create a powerpoint presentation to clearly and concisely show the various models of the atom and time periods in which they were developed. You will now create the prototype for this presentation. This prototype will be submitted to the publishing company for acceptance as an instructional aid.

Your goal in completing this webquest is to create a powerpoint presentation, displaying the historical models of the atom.

Include slides for the following models of the atom.

Models to include are:

-Democritus (460 B.C. – 370 B.C)

-Dalton (Early 1800’s)

-Thomson (1906)

-Rutherford (1910)

-Electron Cloud (today)

You must include a representation of the model.

You should describe it.

You should make your prestation look attractive.

Resources:

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys05/catomodel/default.htm

http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node144.html

http://encarta.msn.com/media_461517640/Models_of_the_Atom.html

http://wind.cc.whecn.edu/~mechalke/chapter5/Chapter5.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/28582/models/index.htm

http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/02/1.html

http://www.csmate.colostate.edu/cltw/cohortpages/viney/atomhistory.html

http://www.commonsensescience.org/atom_models.html

Conclusion

When you have completed the presentation please answer the following questionon your last slide:

How has technology influenced people’s perception of the atom through history?

Nature of Science

A. Metric System Conversions

B. Scientific Method

C. Measure length, mass, temperature,

D. volume, density in a laboratory setting.

E. Lab SafetyEveryday Applications and labs

Week 1: Scientific method

Objectives:

- Identify the skills that scientists use to learn about the world

-  Explain what scientific inquiry involves

-  Describe how to develop a hypothesis and design an experiment

-  Describe the attitudes, or habits of mind, that re important in science

-  Describe the goal of technology

-  Explain how technology affects people in both positive and negative ways

-  Explain why preparation is important when carrying out scientific investigations

-  Describe what you should do if an accident occurs

Essential Questions:

1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
2. What is the difference between observation and inference?
3. How does science affect my life?
4. Why might your emotions affect you perception of something?
5. Why is it important to collaborate in science?

Welcome back everyone! This year is going to be fun and exciting in 8th grade Science.